Zookeeper: is a distributed, open source coornidation service for distributed applications. It exposes a simple set of primitives that distributed application can build upton to implement higher level of services for synchronization, configuration maintenance and groups and naming
Design goal: Zookeeper allows distributed processes to coordinate with each other through a shared hierarchical namespace which is orgnised similarly to a standard file system.
The Zookeeper implementations puts a premium on high performance, highly available , strictly ordered access.
ZooKeeper is replicated: Like the distributed processes it coordinates, zooker itsself is intended to be replicated over a set of hosts called ensemble
The servers that makeup Zookeeper service must all know about each other. They maintain an in-memory image of state, along with the transaction logs and snapshots in persistent store. As long as majority of serves are available zookeeper will be available
ZooKeerps is ordered. Zookeeper stamps each update with a number that reflects the order of all ZooKeeper transactions. Subsequent operations can use the order to implement higher-level of abstraction such as synchronization primitives.
Nodes and ephemeral nodes
Each node in ZooKeeper namespace can have data associated with it as well as childre. It is like having a file system that allows a files to also be direcotry, called Znodes
ZooKeerp also has the notion of ephemeral nodes. These znodes exists as long as the sessions that created the znode is active. When the session end the ephemeral znodes gets deleted
Conditional update and watches:
ZooKeeper supports the concept of watches. client can set a watch on znodes. A watch will be triggered and removed when the znode changes.When a watch is triggered the client receives a packet saying that the znode has changed. And if the connection between the client and one of ZooKeeper servers is brokgen the client will receive a local notification.
Gurantees: Zookeeper is very fast and very simple. Since its goal, though, is to be a basis for the construction of more complicated services, such as synchronisation, it provides a set of guarantees These are
- Sequential Consistency: Updates from a client will be applied in the order that they were sent
- Atomicity - Update either succeed or fail. No partial results
- Single System image: A client will see the same view of service regardless of the server that it connects to
- Reliability Once an update has been applied, it will persist from that time forward untill a client overwrites the update
- Timeliness: The clients view of the system is guranteed to be up to date within a certain time bound
Implementation
The ZooKeeper service can run into two modes. In standalone and replicated mode
Standalone mode for testing purpose
Replicated mode for production system
ZooKeeper runs in replicated mode on a cluster of machines called ensemble. ZooKeeper achieves high availability through replication and can provide a service as long as a majority of the machines in the ensemble are up.
For example: In 5 node ensemble, any two machine can fail and service still work because a majority of three remain. .
Note that a six-node ensemble can also tolerate if only two machine failing, if three machine fail the remaining three do not constitute a majority of the six. For this reason, it is usual to have an odd number of machines in an ensemble.
ZooKeeper is very simple: all it has to do is ensure that every modification to the tree of znodes is replicated to a majority of the ensemble.
ZooKeeper uses protocol called Zab that runs in two phases, which may be repeated indefinitely
Phase 1: Leader election
The machines in an ensemble go through a process of electing a distinguished member called the leader. The other machine called follower. This state is finished once a majority of followers have synchronized their state with leader
Phase 2. Atomic broadcast
All write requests are forwarded to the leader, which broadcasts the update to the followers. When a majority have persisted the change, the leader commits the update and the client gets response saying the update succeeded. The protocol for achieving consensus is designed to be atomic, so a change either succeeds or fail
If leader fails, the remaining machine hold another leader election and continue as before with new leader. If the old leader later recovers, it then starts as a follower.
All machines in the ensemble write updates to disk before updating their in-memory copies of the znode tree. Read request may be serviced from any machine, and becuase they involve only a lookup from memory, they are very fast
ZooKeeper client and ZooKeeper server
Design goal: Zookeeper allows distributed processes to coordinate with each other through a shared hierarchical namespace which is orgnised similarly to a standard file system.
The Zookeeper implementations puts a premium on high performance, highly available , strictly ordered access.
ZooKeeper is replicated: Like the distributed processes it coordinates, zooker itsself is intended to be replicated over a set of hosts called ensemble
The servers that makeup Zookeeper service must all know about each other. They maintain an in-memory image of state, along with the transaction logs and snapshots in persistent store. As long as majority of serves are available zookeeper will be available
ZooKeerps is ordered. Zookeeper stamps each update with a number that reflects the order of all ZooKeeper transactions. Subsequent operations can use the order to implement higher-level of abstraction such as synchronization primitives.
Nodes and ephemeral nodes
Each node in ZooKeeper namespace can have data associated with it as well as childre. It is like having a file system that allows a files to also be direcotry, called Znodes
ZooKeerp also has the notion of ephemeral nodes. These znodes exists as long as the sessions that created the znode is active. When the session end the ephemeral znodes gets deleted
Conditional update and watches:
ZooKeeper supports the concept of watches. client can set a watch on znodes. A watch will be triggered and removed when the znode changes.When a watch is triggered the client receives a packet saying that the znode has changed. And if the connection between the client and one of ZooKeeper servers is brokgen the client will receive a local notification.
Gurantees: Zookeeper is very fast and very simple. Since its goal, though, is to be a basis for the construction of more complicated services, such as synchronisation, it provides a set of guarantees These are
- Sequential Consistency: Updates from a client will be applied in the order that they were sent
- Atomicity - Update either succeed or fail. No partial results
- Single System image: A client will see the same view of service regardless of the server that it connects to
- Reliability Once an update has been applied, it will persist from that time forward untill a client overwrites the update
- Timeliness: The clients view of the system is guranteed to be up to date within a certain time bound
Implementation
The ZooKeeper service can run into two modes. In standalone and replicated mode
Standalone mode for testing purpose
Replicated mode for production system
ZooKeeper runs in replicated mode on a cluster of machines called ensemble. ZooKeeper achieves high availability through replication and can provide a service as long as a majority of the machines in the ensemble are up.
For example: In 5 node ensemble, any two machine can fail and service still work because a majority of three remain. .
Note that a six-node ensemble can also tolerate if only two machine failing, if three machine fail the remaining three do not constitute a majority of the six. For this reason, it is usual to have an odd number of machines in an ensemble.
ZooKeeper is very simple: all it has to do is ensure that every modification to the tree of znodes is replicated to a majority of the ensemble.
ZooKeeper uses protocol called Zab that runs in two phases, which may be repeated indefinitely
Phase 1: Leader election
The machines in an ensemble go through a process of electing a distinguished member called the leader. The other machine called follower. This state is finished once a majority of followers have synchronized their state with leader
Phase 2. Atomic broadcast
All write requests are forwarded to the leader, which broadcasts the update to the followers. When a majority have persisted the change, the leader commits the update and the client gets response saying the update succeeded. The protocol for achieving consensus is designed to be atomic, so a change either succeeds or fail
If leader fails, the remaining machine hold another leader election and continue as before with new leader. If the old leader later recovers, it then starts as a follower.
All machines in the ensemble write updates to disk before updating their in-memory copies of the znode tree. Read request may be serviced from any machine, and becuase they involve only a lookup from memory, they are very fast
ZooKeeper client and ZooKeeper server
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